Find out more about the science, studies and guidelines surrounding EPA and Vascepa:
High Triglyceride Studies and Findings
http://www.mh-resources.com/triglycerides/#/1/
Understanding and Managing Your Triglycerides
Triglycerides and HDL in cardiovascular disease prevention: current status
The triglycerides-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio and cardiovascular disease risk in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: An observational study from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR)
http://www.learnyourlipids.com/
Learn Your Lipids
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3875260/
Overview of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapies
Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease
Boston scientists say triglycerides play key role in heart health
“A massive genetic study led by a Boston cardiologist has identified a subset of people who carry rare mutations that cause them to have dramatically lower levels of triglycerides in their blood. Those people, in turn, were 40 percent less likely to have heart disease than people who didn’t have the mutation.”
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1308027
Loss-of-Function Mutations in APOC3 and Risk of Ischemic Vascular Disease
In Single Gene, a Path to Fight Heart Attacks
http://www.aacc.org/publications/clin_chem/podcast/Documents/ClinChem_201405_Nordestgaard.pdf
Low Nonfasting Triglycerides and Reduced All-Cause Mortality: A Mendelian Randomization Study
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/9/999.abstract.html
Association Between Plasma Triglycerides and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Microvascular Kidney Disease and Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199908053410604#t=articleTop
Gemfibrozil for the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Men with Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/landia/PIIS2213858713701918.pdf
The polygenic nature of hypertriglyceridaemia: implications for definition, diagnosis, and management
European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Calls for a Simplified Approach to Defining High Triglycerides (Hypertriglyceridaemia)
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/102/1/21
Secondary Prevention by Raising HDL Cholesterol and Reducing Triglycerides in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
“In a post hoc analysis in the subgroup with high baseline triglycerides (=200 mg/dL), the reduction in the cumulative probability of the primary end point [fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction or sudden death] by bezafibrate was 39.5% (P=0.02)”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2664115
High Ratio of Triglycerides to HDL-Cholesterol Predicts Extensive Coronary Disease
“Although some lipid variables were associated with the extent of coronary disease, the ratio of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol showed the strongest association with extent.”
http://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2007/03010/Reduction_in_Triglyceride_Level_With_N_3.5.aspx
Reduction in Triglyceride Level With N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in HIV-Infected Patients Taking Potent Antiretroviral Therapy: A Randomized Prospective Study
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/96/8/2520.full
Fasting Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2013/387849
Emergent Biomarkers of Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Low HDL-c and/or High Triglycerides and Average LDL-c Concentrations: Focus on HDL Subpopulations, Oxidized LDL, Adiponectin, and Uric Acid
“In a patient population with cardiovascular risk factors, low-HDL-C and/or High TG levels are associated with poor cardiometabolic profiles. Proper pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions directed to raise HDL-C levels and to reduce TGs are advisory preventive measures in this type of CV risk populations.”
http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/ucm118595.htm
Cholesterol: FDA Office of Women’s Health
“Triglycerides are another form of fat in your blood that can raise your risk for heart disease. You may need treatment if your triglycerides are: – Borderline High (150-199 mg/dL) – High (200 mg/dL or more)”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2551650
Changes in Triglyceride Levels Over Time and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Young Men
http://www.ajconline.org/article/S0002-9149(13)01940-1/abstract
Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the United States and in Japan
High Triglyceride Levels Found to Independently Predict Stroke Risk in Older Women
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3547588/pdf/nihms352054.pdf
Lipid and Lipoprotein Biomarkers and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Postmenopausal Women
http://www.lipidworld.com/content/pdf/1476-511X-12-159.pdf
Effects of blood triglycerides on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 61 prospective studies”…those with borderline hypertriglyceridemia (150 mg/dl-199 mg/dl) hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 200 mg/dL) had a greater risk of CVDs and all-cause mortality (Figure 2 and Figure 3). The dose–response analysis showed that the risk of CVDs and total mortality was increased by 13% (8%-19%) and 10% (6%-14%) per 1-mmol/L TG increment”http://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0201/p242.html
Should We Treat Moderately Elevated Triglycerides? Yes: Treatment of Moderately Elevated Triglycerides Is Supported by the Evidencehttp://www.renalandurologynews.com/prostate-cancer-linked-to-high-triglyceride-levels/article/212991
Prostate Cancer Linked to High Triglyceride Levelshttp://www.lipidsonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?tk=83&dpg;=10
Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathophysiologyhttp://www.fda.gov/downloads/advisorycommittees/committeesmeetingmaterials/drugs/endocrinologicandmetabolicdrugsadvisorycommittee/ucm258119.pdf
FDA Advisory Committee Meeting Trilipix® & The ACCORD-Lipid Trial – ACCORD-Lipid Design (page 102)”The ACCORD-Lipid Trial was not designed to answer the question of whether the addition of fenofibrate to subjects at LDL-C goal on a statin with elevated TG levels (± low HDL-C) reduces the risk for major cardiovascular events”http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/triglycerides/CL00015/NSECTIONGROUP=2
Triglycerides: Why do they matter? – MayoClinic.comhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003493.htm
MedlinePlus – Triglyceride level
Dr Sears on Fish Oil, Cholesterol and Inflammation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXezxMZCxLo
Dr. Sears on Fish Oil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEHDS7wRQMc
The debate over cholesterol levels https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcLeDFgrrmY
How does EPA shut down inflammation?
EPA Safety
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760401
Phase 1 study of the effect of icosapent ethyl on warfarin pharmacokinetic and anticoagulation parameters http://www.bioceuticals.com.au/education/article/fish-oils-and-bleeding-is-there-a-clinically-significant-risk
Fish oils and bleeding: is there a clinically significant risk? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2141757
Dose-response effects of fish-oil supplementation in healthy volunteers http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2815.htm
Scientific Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) “Long-term supplemental intakes of EPA and DHA combined up to about 5 g/day do not increase the risk of spontaneous bleeding episodes or bleeding complications even in subjects at high risk of bleeding (e.g. taking acetylsalicylic acid or anti-coagulants).” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18926060
Are fish oil supplements safe in finned fish-allergic patients?
EPA on Cancer
http://www.nature.com/onc/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/onc2014283a.html
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce obesity-induced tumor progression independent of GPR120 in a mouse model of postmenopausal breast cancer http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24746976
Effects of an oral nutritional supplement containing eicosapentaenoic acid on nutritional and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Randomised trial http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24657656
Prostaglandin E3 metabolism and cancer http://www.foodconsumer.org/newsite/Nutrition/Supplements/omega_3_fatty_acids_prevent_endometrial_cancer_0620140147.html
Omega 3 fatty acids prevent endometrial cancer http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0099630
Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Prostate Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion Induced by Tumor-Associated Macrophages http://www.foodconsumer.org/newsite/Nutrition/Supplements/eicosapentaenoic_acid_may_prevent_prostate_cancer_0519140655.html
Eicosapentaenoic acid may prevent prostate cancer http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5903/
The effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on biomarkers of growth and vascularity of human colorectal cancer liver metastases http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00595-013-0627-0
Regulating surgical oncotaxis to improve the outcomes in cancer patients http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.28853/abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid free fatty acid prevents and suppresses colonic neoplasia in colitis-associated colorectal cancer acting on Notch signaling and gut microbiota http://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2014/01/27/gutjnl-2013-306445.abstract
Anticolorectal cancer activity of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid “EPA-FFA therapy is safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced CRC undergoing liver surgery. EPA-FFA may have antiangiogenic properties. Remarkably, limited preoperative treatment may provide postoperative OS benefit.” https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/57678878/Eicosapentaenoic Acid Activates RASERKCEBPb.pdf
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ Pathway through H-Ras Intron 1 CpG Island Demethylation in U937 Leukemia Cells http://yottafire.com/2013/11/omega-3-fatty-acid-may-prevent-colon-cancer
Omega-3 fatty acid may prevent colon cancer “The number of polyps increased 10% among those treated with placebo, but went down by 12% among those treated with omega-3 fatty acid EPA. This is a significant difference. Also, polyp size increased more than 17% among those on placebo, but went down by more than 12.5% in the omega-3 fatty acid group which is, again, a significant difference.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23422479
Abnormalities in fatty acids in plasma, erythrocytes and adipose tissue in Japanese patients with colorectal cancer http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/269028.php
Low-fat diet, omega-3 linked to reduced prostate cancer aggression http://www.science20.com/news_articles/omega3_fatty_acids_could_aid_skin_and_oral_cancer_treatment-117578
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Could Aid Skin And Oral Cancer Treatment http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2898136
Eicosanoids and cancer http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15148334
Inflammation-associated cell cycle-independent block of apoptosis by survivin in terminally differentiated neutrophils http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/119/12/2967.full
Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to produce antileukemic cyclopentenone prostaglandin J3?
EPA and Diabetes
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem/231/1/231_63/_article
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Improves Glycemic Control in Elderly Bedridden Patients with Type 2 Diabetes http://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0029/ea0029oc19.1.htm
Both EPA/AA ratio and absolute AA levels constitute an independent risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients http://www.diabetes.co.uk/news/2014/may/natural-molecule-may-help-treat-type-2-diabetes-95616629.html
Natural molecule may help treat type 2 diabetes http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13340-014-0172-0
Impact of eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio on left ventricular structure in patients with diabetes http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/59/10/2495.long
Antiobesity Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet–Induced Obesity http://formularyjournal.modernmedicine.com/formulary-journal/news/omega-3s-may-help-lower-risk-type-2-diabetes
Omega-3s may help lower risk of type 2 diabetes http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/37/1/189.abstract
Serum Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Men: The Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24378016
Treatment With Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl-Ester Alters Fatty Acid Composition of Lipoproteins in Overweight or Obese Adults With Insulin Resistance http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3466140
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Retained From Childhood to Adulthood Predict Adult Outcomes: The Princeton LRC Follow-up Study http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/37/1/e7.full
The Ratio of Serum Eicosapentaenoic Acid to Arachidonic Acid Is Associated With Renal Impairment and Diabetic Macroangiopathies in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes http://www.cardiab.com/content/12/1/100
Effects of icosapent ethyl on lipid and inflammatory parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus-2, residual elevated triglycerides (200–500 mg/dL), and on statin therapy at LDL-C goal: the ANCHOR study http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067797
Eicosapentaenoic acid improves glycemic control in elderly bedridden patients with type 2 diabetes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23900468
Eicosapentaenoic acid improves insulin sensitivity and blood sugar in overweight type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a double-blind randomised clinical trial http://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0014/ea0014p96.htm
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in diabetes mellitus type II according to micral test findings
Links to EPA Studies / Articles
http://www.nature.com/srep/2014/140918/srep06406/full/srep06406.html
Immunomodulation with eicosapentaenoic acid supports the treatment of autoimmune small-vessel vasculitis http://www.journalofpsychiatricresearch.com/article/S0022-3956(14)00180-0/abstract
Low plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels are associated with elevated trait aggression and impulsivity in major depressive disorder with a history of comorbid substance use disorder http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19968753
Reductions of acetylcholine release and nerve growth factor expression are correlated with memory impairment induced by interleukin-1beta administrations: effects of omega-3 fatty acid EPA treatment http://www.nature.com/tp/journal/v4/n9/full/tp201477a.html
Nutritional omega-3 modulates neuronal morphology in the prefrontal cortex along with depression-related behaviour through corticosterone secretion http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/3/4/e000914.abstract
Plasma Phospholipid Trans‐Fatty Acids Levels, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Total Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0105999
The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid Is Required for Normal Alcohol Response Behaviors in C. elegans http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0105102
Redox-Sensitive Induction of Src/PI3-kinase/Akt and MAPKs Pathways Activate eNOS in Response to EPA:DHA 6:1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25144572
Supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid-rich fish oil improves exercise economy and reduces perceived exertion during submaximal steady-state exercise in normal healthy untrained men http://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(14)01638-6/abstract
Clinical relevance of decreased ratios of serum eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid/AA to impaired arterial stiffness http://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(14)01581-2/abstract
Early eicosapentaenoic acid treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention reduces acute inflammatory responses and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A randomized, controlled study http://igennus.com/practitioner-blog/understanding-role-eicosapentaenoic-acid-bone-joint-skeletal-health/
Understanding the role of eicosapentaenoic acid in bone, joint and skeletal health http://www.financialexpress.com/news/fats-healing-properties-may-be-used-to-fight-heart-disease/1272584
Fat’s healing properties may be used to fight heart disease http://www.dovepress.com/icosapent-ethyl-for-the-treatment-of-severe-hypertriglyceridemia-peer-reviewed-article-TCRM
Icosapent ethyl for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24158248
Eicosapentaenoic Acid combined with optimal statin therapy improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24879504
Effect of purified eicosapentaenoic acid on red cell distribution width in patients with ischemic heart disease http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/828291
Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Prevent ALS http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24976364
Eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio as a possible link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease http://aapgrandrounds.aappublications.org/content/32/1/2.extract
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Treatment With Omega-3 http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/omega-3-fats-may-significantly-reduce-damage-from-stroke-265326641.html
Omega-3 Fats May Significantly Reduce Damage from Stroke http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hepr.12382/abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio as a possible link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jat/advpub/0/advpub_23390/_pdf
Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Treatment on Epicardial and Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue Volumes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/827423?src=rss
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Plus Inositol Promising in Pediatric BPD http://www.journalofpsychiatricresearch.com/article/S0022-3956(14)00180-0/abstract?rss=yes?rss=yes
Low plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels are associated with elevated trait aggression and impulsivity in major depressive disorder with a history of comorbid substance use disorder http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3914996/
Potential Benefits of Icosapent Ethyl on the Lipid Profile: Case Studies https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct;=j&q;=&esrc;=s&source;=web&cd;=1&cad;=rja&uact;=8&ved;=0CCEQFjAA&url;=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F24428630_APOC3_mutation_serum_triglyceride_concentrations_and_coronary_heart_disease%2Ffile%2Fe0b49528be770c8721.pdf&ei;=ZVzVU_mQMob8igKtuIGoDA&usg;=AFQjCNH-FQusOOW_VqWS8yPeTzyxRQEPMA&sig2;=aR23TqWRIaiiTI0yllR9OQ
APOC3 Mutation, Serum Triglyceride Concentrations, and Coronary Heart Disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24941160
The Role of Polyunsaturated ω-3 Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid-Derived Resolvin E1 (RvE1) in Bone Preservation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3875260/
Overview of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapies http://www.nei.nih.gov/news/pressreleases/050513.asp
NIH study provides clarity on supplements for protection against blinding eye disease https://postgradmed.org/doi/10.3810/pgm.2014.05.2775
A Retrospective Case Series of the Lipid Effects of Switching From Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters to Icosapent Ethyl in Hyperlipidemic Patients http://online.wsj.com/articles/fda-to-increase-calls-for-more-fish-consumption-1402966339
FDA to Increase Calls for More Fish Consumption http://www.nutritionaloutlook.com/1405/Omega3
Omega-3 for Brain Health, Sleep, and Critically Ill Patients http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00380-014-0526-3
Effect of purified eicosapentaenoic acid on red cell distribution width in patients with ischemic heart disease Mason_NLA.14_Poster_01_EPA_HUVECs.pdf
Combination Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Statin Treatment Reversed Endothelial Dysfunction in HUVECs Exposed to Oxidized LDL https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa;=t&url;=http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/15/6/10334/pdf&ct;=ga&cd;=CAEYACoUMTA3NTE1NDcyOTIzODMyMDM2NjAyGmZhM2E0OGVlNTljMjZkNjQ6Y29tOmVuOlVT&usg;=AFQjCNGCnj-BnGeCK4ZvYVC4nbRWPYcaLQ
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Protects against Palmitic Acid-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction via Activation of the AMPK/eNOS Pathway Mason_NLA.14_Poster_02_EPA_LP-SAXS.pdf
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Inhibited Glucose-Induced Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Cholesterol Crystalline Domain Formation http://cysticfibrosisnewstoday.com/2014/05/22/laurent-pharmaceuticals-initiates-phase-1-clinical-study-orphan-drug-fenretinide-cystic-fibrosis
Laurent Pharmaceuticals Initiates Phase 1 Clinical Study Of “Orphan Drug” Fenretinide in Cystic Fibrosis http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/825252?src=rss
A Simple Intervention in Parkinson Disease? http://antibody-antibodies.com/pubmed-24834906-Effects_of_Eicosapentaenoic_Acid_Treatment_on_Epicardial_and_Abdominal_Visceral_Adipose_Tissue_Volumes_in_Patients_with_Coronary_Artery_Disease.html
Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Treatment on Epicardial and Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue Volumes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955286314000953
Eicosapentaenoic acid induces neovasculogenesis in human endothelial progenitor cells by modulating c-kit protein and PI3-K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathways http://www.fatsoflife.com/pufa-april-2014/higher-omega-3-intakes-linked-lower-cardiovascular-events-multiethnic-study
Higher Omega-3 Intakes Linked to Lower Cardiovascular Events in Multiethnic Study http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955286314000953
Eicosapentaenoic acid induces neovasculogenesis in human endothelial progenitor cells by modulating c-kit protein and PI3-K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathways http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0096286
The ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Attenuates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development via Suppression of Tissue Remodeling http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/34/suppl_1/P1428
Eicosapentaenoic acid restrains the development of the cardiovascular events independent of triglyceride and C-reactive protein reduction in Japanese hemodialysis patients http://pdc-connection.ebscohost.com/tag/EICOSAPENTAENOIC%20acid&offset;=300
Citations with the tag: EICOSAPENTAENOIC acid http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21784145/?i=60&from;=/23023905/related
Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation and anxiety in medical students: a randomized controlled trial http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21501117/?i=4&from;=/24746829/related
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment the muscle protein anabolic response to hyperinsulinaemia-hyperaminoacidaemia in healthy young and middle-aged men and women http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24746829/?i=1&from;=eicosapentaenoic%20inflammation
Increasing long-chain n-3PUFA consumption improves small peripheral artery function in patients at intermediate-high cardiovascular risk http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24655407/?i=7&from;=eicosapentaenoic%20inflammation
A prospective, randomized, controlled study of ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion-based parenteral nutrition for patients following surgical resection of gastric tumors http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12192-013-0470-7
Fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid protects against oxidative stress-related renal dysfunction induced by TCDD in Wistar rats http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07315724.2004.10719345#.U1dS1a1dXqJ
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Prevents LPS-Induced TNF-α Expression by Preventing NF-κB Activation http://www.sciencecodex.com/omega_3_fatty_acids_protect_against_blindness_study_says
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Protect Against Blindness http://www.healio.com/optometry/nutrition/news/online/%7B852f0062-377a-42fe-af9a-6fbefafe06b6%7D/omega-3-fatty-acids-associated-with-lowered-risk-of-neovascular-amd-study-finds
Omega-3 fatty acids associated with lowered risk of neovascular AMD http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4899-1813-0_60#page-1
Mechanism of Anti-Proliferative Action of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) in Vascular Cell Growth: Its Effect on Signal Transduction System http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00216-014-7701-3
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24637411
Stabilizing effect of combined eicosapentaenoic acid and statin therapy on coronary thin-cap fibroatheroma http://www.pri-med.com/PMO/DigitalAssets/Shared%20Files/Spring%202014%20Syllabus%20Files/Primary%20Care%20Updates/Southwest/Track%202-Session%205_Lipids_SWT_ONLINE.pdf
Current Perspectives and Emerging Approaches in Lipid Management http://www.powerpak.com/courses/109621/Interventions-in-Lipid-Mgt-2013-Bottorff.pdf
Evidence- and Guideline-Based Management of Hypertriglyceridemia http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/821589
Fatty-Fish Consumption Alters HDL-Particle Profile http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/omega-3-and-vascular-disease1
Omega-3 and Vascular Disease http://m.ajh.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/03/06/ajh.hpu024
Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid and Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials http://mobile.nutraingredients.com/Research/Omega-3-supplementation-could-help-slow-biological-aging
Omega-3 supplementation could help slow biological ‘aging’ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24352736
Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and incidence rate of coronary artery calcification in Japanese men in Japan and white men in the USA: population based prospective cohort study http://www.news-medical.net/news/20140305/Higher-consumption-of-omega-3-fatty-acids-helps-ward-off-heart-disease.aspx
Higher consumption of omega-3 fatty acids helps ward off heart disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23809162
Omega-3 fatty acids prevent inflammation and metabolic disorder through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation http://m.eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/34/suppl_1/P1428.short
Eicosapentaenoic acid restrains the development of the cardiovascular events independent of triglyceride and C-reactive protein reduction in Japanese hemodialysis patients http://www.cbsnews.com/news/high-levels-of-omega-3-fatty-acids-linked-to-larger-brain-volume-in-older-adults/
High levels of omega-3 fatty acids linked to larger brain volume in older adults “Women who had the highest levels of omega-3 fatty acids in their blood had the largest average brain volumes at the end of the study. They also had a 2.7 percent larger volume hippocampus, which is the area of the brain associated with memory. Alzheimer’s patients have declines in the hippocampus before any other symptoms, the researchers noted.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11893369
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15824290
Effect of different antilipidemic agents and diets on mortality: a systematic review http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1832537
Effects of dietary fish oil supplementation on platelet aggregability and platelet membrane fluidity in normolipemic subjects with and without high plasma Lp(a) concentrations. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8347146
Fish oil preparations rich in docosahexaenoic acid modify platelet responsiveness to prostaglandin-endoperoxide/thromboxane A2 receptor agonists. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390192
Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid supplementations reduce platelet aggregation and hemostatic markers differentially in men and women http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/10/10/2177.long
Eicosapentanoic Acid Reduces Plasma Levels of Remnant Lipoproteins and Prevents in Vivo Peroxidation of LDL in Dialysis Patients http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24470182
Omega-3 supplementation improves cognition and modifies brain activation in young adults http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2013/4/9/fish-omega-science-hsph
Study Shows Omega-3 Fatty Acids Extend Life http://www.dovepress.com/role-of-n-3-series-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids-in-cardiovascular-disea-peer-reviewed-article-NDS
Role of n-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular disease prevention http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21193197
Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces warfarin-induced arterial calcification in rats http://seekingalpha.com/instablog/2589121-jolk/1888641-vascepa-broadens-cardiovascular-therapy-its-not-all-about-ldl-c
Vascepa, Broadens Cardiovascular Therapy, It’s Not All About LDL-C http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00365540903168056
Effect of fish oil (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and inflammatory markers in HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/10/1/25
Low serum eicosapentaenoic acid / arachidonic acid ratio in male subjects with visceral obesity http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24270918
An Increase in the EPA/AA Ratio is Associated with Improved Arterial Stiffness in Obese Patients with Dyslipidemia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24267237
Association between ratio of serum eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid and risk of cardiovascular disease: The Hisayama Study http://www.abstractsonline.com/Plan/ViewAbstract.aspx?sKey=b2b7c9af-1754-46f0-8160-adfed605e0c0&cKey;=c54560c7-89ef-4f64-a021-9fdbd77b6842&mKey;=%7b951E351E-429C-4B2E-84D0-8DA73B00DE45%7d
19343 – Pharmacokinetic and Triglyceride-Lowering Pharmacodynamic Effects of Icosapent Ethyl (Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ethyl Ester) Across Clinical Studies http://seekingalpha.com/instablog/1122334-iggy-igette/1807081-amarins-fish-oil-looking-beyond-triglycerides
Amarin’s Fish Oil: Looking Beyond Triglycerides http://www.naturalis.com.br/diadoomega3/artigos/artigo_epa_02.pdf
Incremental Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Cardiovascular Events in Statin-Treated Patients With Coronary Artery Disease “Patients with established CAD and a total cholesterol level ≥250mg/dl were observed with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. … The incidence of MCE was significantly lower in the EPA group (8.7% vs 10.7%, adjusted hazard ratio =0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63–0.96, P=0.017, number needed to treat (NNT) =49). Among 1,050 patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI), the incidence of MCE in the EPA group (15.0%) was signifi- cantly lower than that in the control group (20.1%, adjusted hazard ratio=0.73, 95%CI 0.54–0.98, P=0.033, NNT =19).” http://content.onlinejacc.org/pdfAccess.ashx?url=/data/Journals/JAC/24309/1732X.pdf
The Impact Of A Pure-epa Omega-3 Fatty Acid On Coronary Plaque Stabilization; A Plaque Component Analysis With 64-slice Multi-detector Row Computed Tomography “There were significant improvements in the plaque area, lumen area and soft plaque volume in the EPA group compared with the ezetimibe group. The incidence of major cardiovascular events were lower in the EPA group than in the ezetimibe group (9.5% vs. 36.4%, p=0.03 by log-rank test).” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23801460
Relation of omega-3 fatty acid and C-reactive protein to peripheral artery disease in patients with coronary artery disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22912426
Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid increases interleukin-10 levels of peripheral blood monocytes in obese patients with dyslipidemia http://aacrmeetingabstracts.org/cgi/content/abstract/2006/2/A7
A new biomarker in cancer patients: The arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (AA/EPA) ratio http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23993904
The ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid is a critical risk factor for acute coronary syndrome in middle-aged older patients as well as younger adult patients http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3606329
Low serum eicosapentaenoic acid / arachidonic acid ratio in male subjects with visceral obesity http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10557-013-6496-3
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Combined with Optimal Statin Therapy Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22912426
Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid increases interleukin-10 levels of peripheral blood monocytes in obese patients with dyslipidemia https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jat/20/12/20_18002/_pdf
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Reduces Cardiovascular Events: Relationship with the EPA/Arachidonic Acid Ratio http://openi.nlm.nih.gov/gridquery.php?q=Eicosapentaenoic%20acid%20&favor;=d,oc,t&atab;=1&m;=1&n;=20
Eicosapentaenoic acid – Search Results 1 to 20 – Open-i https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/57678878/EICOSAPENTAENOIC%20ACID%20PREVENTS%20CEREBRAL%20VASOSPASM%20AFTER%20ANEURYSMAL%20SUBARACHNOID%20HEMORRHAGE.pdf
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Prevents Cerebral Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Meta-analysis https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/57678878/EPA%2BAtorvastatin.JPG
EPA + Atorvastatin https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/57678878/EPA%20Abstracts%20from%20ESC%202013.pdf
Abstracts from European Society of Cardiology Congress 2013 https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/57678878/9-26-13%20Medscape%20Heart%20Failure%20killing%20Diabetics.pdf
Heart Failure and Diabetics http://www.theheart.org/fr/documents/sitestructure/en/content/programs/1324917/1324917.html
Late-Breaking Developments in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia: Are All Omega-3 Fatty Acids the Same? https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/57678878/Aug2008_DiabetesDyslipidemia.pdf
Management of Diabetic Dyslipidemia: Recent Advances in Combination Therapy https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/57678878/Update%20on%20Marine%20Omega%203%20Fatty%20Acids%20Management%20of%20Dyslipidemia.pdf
Update on marine omega-3 fatty acids: Management of dyslipidemia and current omega-3 treatment options http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/88/1/216.full.pdf
Blood concentrations of individual long-chain n–3 fatty acids and risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3371768/pdf/nihms376342.pdfbr
Circulating Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Incidence of Congestive Heart Failure in Older Adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study
AACE Guidelines and Consensus Statement
https://www.aace.com/files/lipid-guidelines.pdf
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists’ Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis “Increasing clinical evidence suggests that elevated triglycerides may be an independent risk factor for CAD; therefore AACE recommends screening for triglycerides as a component of lipid screening. Triglyceride levels that are even moderately elevated (> 150 mg/dL) may identify individuals at risk for insulin resistance syndrome. Triglyceride levels 200 mg/dL or greater may indicate a substantial increase in CAD risk.” https://www.aace.com/files/algorithm-07-11-2013.pdf
American Association Of Clinical Endocrinologists’ Comprehensive Diabetes Management Algorithm 2013 Consensus Statement
Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and other EPA-related findings
http://www.mdlinx.com/nursing/news-article.cfm/5493330/0/eicosapentaenoic-acid-acute-myocardial-infarction-complication/next/41/?source=scroller
Early eicosapentaenoic acid treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention reduces acute inflammatory responses and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A randomized, controlled study http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0107003
Importance of Fatty Acid Compositions in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1900498
Mechanism Behind Omega-3 Fatty Acids’ Heart Benefits http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Research/Omega-3-may-reduce-risk-of-irregular-heart-beat-Harvard-study
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Research/Omega-3-may-reduce-risk-of-irregular-heart-beat-Harvard-study http://www.sciencenewsline.com/articles/2014050118480017.html
New Study Suggests Combination of Statin And Omega-3 Fatty Acid May Provide Cardioprotective Effects http://m.medicalxpress.com/news/2014-05-combination-statin-omega-fatty-acid.html
New study suggests combination of statin and omega-3 fatty acid may provide cardioprotective effects http://www.jlr.org/content/53/12/2525.full.pdf
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease http://www.ajconline.org/article/S0002-9149(13)02140-1/abstract
Significance of Imbalance in the Ratio of Serum n-3 to n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/779395_1
Plasma n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Chronic Heart Failure in the GISSI-Heart Failure Trial https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jat/advpub/0/advpub_19976/_pdf
An Increase in the EPA/AA Ratio is Associated with Improved Aterial Stiffness in Obese Patients with Dyslipidemia http://www.sott.net/article/242516-Heart-surgeon-speaks-out-on-what-really-causes-heart-disease
Heart surgeon speaks out on what really causes heart disease http://www.lipidworld.com/content/12/1/169/abstract
LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids in type 2 diabetic patients after insulin analog initiation therapy “The significant decrease in AA/EPA ratio indicates that insulin analog initiation therapy has anti-inflammatory properties by favoring the increase of n3 fatty acid EPA.” http://www.familypracticenews.com/news/cardiovascular-disease/single-article/inherently-low-triglycerides-may-lower-mortality/4ff6af8197419f64b550a9c9b7ecb454.html
Inherently low triglycerides may lower mortality http://www.cmaj.ca/content/early/2013/09/16/cmaj.122072.full.pdf
Chronic Inflammation as a Determinant of Future Aging Phenotypes http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/97/11/1029.full
Triglyceride Concentration and Ischemic Heart Disease https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/57678878/jnm038661.pdf
Role of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3767348
Atherosclerosis, Dyslipidemia, and Inflammation: The Significant Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Ballantyne on mixed Dyslipidemia (novel new therapies)
http://www.medpagetoday.com/webcast/SciMed/index.cfm?action=viewed
MedPage Today – SciMed – Webcast – Managing Cardiometabolic Complexities: Will New Treatment Strategies Impact Disease Progression?
Dr Sears on Understanding Eicosanoids
http://www.drsears.com/ArticlePreview/tabid/399/itemid/66/Default.aspx
Dr. Sears – Understanding Eicosanoids
Managing Residual CVD Risk
http://www.cmecorner.com/wp/managing-residual-cvd-risk-the-role-of-hdl-cholesterol-issue-1
Issue 1: The Association Between HDL Cholesterol and CVD Risk: Where Do We Stand? http://www.cmecorner.com/wp/managing-residual-cvd-risk-the-role-of-hdl-cholesterol-issue-2
Issue 2: HDL and Atherogenesis http://www.cmecorner.com/wp/managing-residual-cvd-risk-the-role-of-hdl-cholesterol-issue-3
Issue 3: Current and Emerging HDL-Targeted Therapies in Cholesterol Management